path: root/types.c

typedef struct {
	Array in_decls;	/* array of declarations we are currently inside */
	Block *block;
} Typer;

static bool type_of_expr(Typer *tr, Expression *e);
static bool types_stmt(Typer *tr, Statement *s);
static bool types_expr(Typer *tr, Expression *e);
static bool types_block(Typer *tr, Block *b);

static bool add_ident_decls(Block *b, Declaration *d) {
	bool ret = true;
	arr_foreach(&d->idents, Identifier, ident) {
		Array *decls = &(*ident)->decls;
		if (decls->len) {
			/* check that it hasn't been declared in this block */
			IdentDecl *prev = arr_last(decls);
			if (prev->scope == b) {
				err_print(d->where, "Re-declaration of identifier in the same block.");
				info_print(prev->decl->where, "Previous declaration was here.");
				ret = false;
				continue;
			}
		}
		ident_add_decl(*ident, d, b);
	}
	return ret;
}

static void remove_ident_decls(Block *b, Declaration *d) {
	arr_foreach(&d->idents, Identifier, ident) {
		IdentTree *id_info = *ident;
		Array *decls = &id_info->decls;
		assert(decls->item_sz);
		IdentDecl *last_decl = arr_last(decls);
		if (last_decl && last_decl->scope == b) {
			arr_remove_last(decls); /* remove that declaration */
		}
	}
}

/* pass NULL for block for global scope */
static bool block_enter(Block *b, Array *stmts) {
	bool ret = true;
	arr_foreach(stmts, Statement, stmt) {
		if (stmt->kind == STMT_DECL) {
			Declaration *decl = &stmt->decl;
			if (!add_ident_decls(b, decl))
				ret = false;
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

static void block_exit(Block *b, Array *stmts) {
	/* OPTIM: figure out some way of not re-iterating over everything */
	arr_foreach(stmts, Statement, stmt) {
		if (stmt->kind == STMT_DECL) {
			Declaration *decl = &stmt->decl;
			remove_ident_decls(b, decl);
		}
	}
}

static bool type_eq(Type *a, Type *b) {
	if (a->kind == TYPE_UNKNOWN || b->kind == TYPE_UNKNOWN)
		return true; /* allow things such as 3 + #C("5") */
	if (a->kind != b->kind) return false;
	if (a->flags & TYPE_FLAG_FLEXIBLE) {
		if (b->flags & TYPE_FLAG_FLEXIBLE) return true;
		assert(a->kind == TYPE_BUILTIN);
		
		if (type_builtin_is_floating(a->builtin)) {
			return type_builtin_is_floating(b->builtin);
		}
		assert(a->builtin == BUILTIN_I64);
		return type_builtin_is_numerical(b->builtin);
	}
	if (b->flags & TYPE_FLAG_FLEXIBLE) {
		return type_eq(b, a); /* OPTIM? */
	}
	switch (a->kind) {
	case TYPE_VOID: return true;
	case TYPE_UNKNOWN: assert(0); return false;
	case TYPE_BUILTIN:
		return a->builtin == b->builtin;
	case TYPE_FN: {
		
		if (a->fn.types.len != b->fn.types.len) return false;
		Type *a_types = a->fn.types.data, *b_types = b->fn.types.data;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < a->fn.types.len; i++) {
			if (!type_eq(&a_types[i], &b_types[i]))
				return false;
			
		}
		return true;
	}
	case TYPE_TUPLE:
		if (a->tuple.len != b->tuple.len) return false;
		Type *a_types = a->tuple.data, *b_types = b->tuple.data;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < a->tuple.len; i++) {
			if (!type_eq(&a_types[i], &b_types[i]))
				return false;
		}
		return true;
	case TYPE_ARR:
		if (a->arr.n != b->arr.n) return false;
		return type_eq(a->arr.of, b->arr.of);
	case TYPE_PTR:
		return type_eq(a->ptr.of, b->ptr.of);
	}
	assert(0);
	return false;
}

/* expected must equal got, or an error will be produced */
static bool type_must_eq(Location where, Type *expected, Type *got) {
	if (!type_eq(expected, got)) {
		char *str_ex = type_to_str(expected);
		char *str_got = type_to_str(got);
		err_print(where, "Type mismatch: expected %s, but got %s.", str_ex, str_got);
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

/* sometimes prints an error and returns false if the given expression is not an l-value */
static bool expr_must_lval(Expression *e) {
	switch (e->kind) {
	case EXPR_IDENT: {
		IdentDecl *id_decl = ident_decl(e->ident);
		assert(id_decl);
		Declaration *d = id_decl->decl;
		if (d->flags & DECL_FLAG_CONST) {
			char *istr = ident_to_str(e->ident);
			err_print(e->where, "Use of constant %s as a non-constant expression.", istr);
			info_print(d->where, "%s was declared here.", istr);
			return false;
		}
		
		return true;
	}
	case EXPR_UNARY_OP:
		if (e->unary.op == UNARY_DEREF) return true;
		break;
	case EXPR_BINARY_OP:
		if (e->binary.op == BINARY_AT_INDEX) return true;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return false;
}

static bool type_of_ident(Typer *tr, Location where, Identifier i, Type *t, bool allow_use_before_decl) {
	IdentDecl *decl = ident_decl(i);
	if (!decl) {
		char *s = ident_to_str(i);
		err_print(where, "Undeclared identifier: %s", s);
		free(s);
		return false;
	}
	Declaration *d = decl->decl;
	bool captured = false;
	if (decl->scope != NULL)
		for (Block *block = tr->block; block != decl->scope; block = block->parent) {
			if (block->flags & BLOCK_FLAG_FN) {
				captured = true;
				break;
			}
		}
	if (captured && !(d->flags & DECL_FLAG_CONST)) {
		err_print(where, "Variables cannot be captured into inner functions (but constants can).");
		return false;
	}
	/* are we inside this declaration? */
	typedef Declaration *DeclarationPtr;
	arr_foreach(&tr->in_decls, DeclarationPtr, in_decl) {
		if (d == *in_decl) {
			assert(d->flags & DECL_FLAG_HAS_EXPR); /* we can only be in decls with an expr */
			if (d->expr.kind != EXPR_FN) { /* it's okay if a function references itself */
				/* if we've complained about it before when we were figuring out the type, don't complain again */
				if (!(d->flags & DECL_FLAG_ERRORED_ABOUT_SELF_REFERENCE)) {
					char *s = ident_to_str(i);
					err_print(where, "Use of identifier %s within its own declaration.", s);
					free(s);
					info_print(d->where, "Declaration was here.");
					d->flags |= DECL_FLAG_ERRORED_ABOUT_SELF_REFERENCE;
				}
				return false;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!allow_use_before_decl) {
		/* TODO: Check self-referential declarations  */
		if (location_after(d->where, where)) {
			char *s = ident_to_str(i);
			err_print(where, "Use of identifier %s before its declaration.", s);
			info_print(d->where, "%s will be declared here.", s);
			free(s);
			return false;
		}
	}

	/* OPTIM: you don't always need to do so much copying */
	Type decl_type;
	if (d->flags & DECL_FLAG_ANNOTATES_TYPE) {
		decl_type = d->type;
	} else {
		if (!type_of_expr(tr, &d->expr))
			return false;
		decl_type = d->expr.type;
	}
	
	if (d->idents.len > 1) {
		/* it's a tuple! */
		
		arr_foreach(&d->idents, Identifier, decl_i) {
			if (*decl_i == i) {
				long index = (long)(decl_i - (Identifier*)d->idents.data);
				*t = ((Type*)d->type.tuple.data)[index];
				return true;
			}
		}
		assert(0);
		return false;
	} else {
		*t = decl_type;
		return true;
	}
}

/* fixes the type (replaces [5+3]int with [8]int, etc.) */
static bool type_resolve(Typer *tr, Type *t) {
	if (t->flags & TYPE_FLAG_RESOLVED) return true;
	switch (t->kind) {
	case TYPE_ARR: {
		/* it's an array */
		if (!type_resolve(tr, t->arr.of)) return false; /* resolve inner type */
		Value val;
		Expression *n_expr = t->arr.n_expr;
		if (!type_of_expr(tr, n_expr)) return false;
		if (n_expr->type.kind != TYPE_BUILTIN || !type_builtin_is_integer(n_expr->type.builtin))
			return false;
		
		if (!eval_expr(n_expr, &val)) return false; /* resolve N */
		Integer size = val.intv;
		if (size < 0)
			err_print(t->arr.n_expr->where, "Negative array length (" INTEGER_FMT ")", size);
		t->arr.n = (UInteger)size;
	} break;
	case TYPE_FN:
		arr_foreach(&t->fn.types, Type, child_type) {
			if (!type_resolve(tr, child_type))
				return false;
		}
		break;
	case TYPE_TUPLE:
		arr_foreach(&t->tuple, Type, child_type) {
			if (!type_resolve(tr, child_type))
				return false;
		}
		break;
	default: break;
	}
	t->flags |= TYPE_FLAG_RESOLVED;
	return true;
}


static bool type_can_be_truthy(Type *t) {
	switch (t->kind) {
	case TYPE_VOID:
		return false;
	case TYPE_UNKNOWN:
		return true;
	case TYPE_BUILTIN:
		return true;
	case TYPE_FN:
		return true;
	case TYPE_TUPLE:
		return false;
	case TYPE_ARR:
		return false;
	case TYPE_PTR:
		return true;
	}
	assert(0);
	return false;
}

/* NOTE: this does descend into un/binary ops, calls, etc. but NOT into any functions  */
static bool type_of_expr(Typer *tr, Expression *e) {
	if (e->flags & EXPR_FLAG_FOUND_TYPE) return true;
	Type *t = &e->type;
	t->flags = 0;
	t->kind = TYPE_UNKNOWN; /* default to unknown type (in the case of an error) */
	e->flags |= EXPR_FLAG_FOUND_TYPE; /* even if failed, pretend we found the type */
	switch (e->kind) {
	case EXPR_FN: {
		FnExpr *f = e->fn;
		t->kind = TYPE_FN;
		arr_create(&t->fn.types, sizeof(Type));
		Type *ret_type = arr_add(&t->fn.types);
		if (!type_resolve(tr, &f->ret_type))
			return false;
		*ret_type = f->ret_type;
		Declaration *params = &f->params;
		Type *type = &params->type;
		Type *param_types = type->kind == TYPE_TUPLE ? type->tuple.data : type;
	    for (size_t i = 0; i < params->idents.len; i++) {
			Type *param_type = arr_add(&t->fn.types);
			if (!type_resolve(tr, &param_types[i]))
				return false;
			*param_type = param_types[i];
		}
	} break;
	case EXPR_LITERAL_INT:
	    t->kind = TYPE_BUILTIN;
		t->builtin = BUILTIN_I64;
		t->flags |= TYPE_FLAG_FLEXIBLE;
		break;
	case EXPR_LITERAL_STR:
		t->kind = TYPE_UNKNOWN;	/* TODO */
		break;
	case EXPR_LITERAL_FLOAT:
		t->kind = TYPE_BUILTIN;
		t->builtin = BUILTIN_F32;
		t->flags |= TYPE_FLAG_FLEXIBLE;
		break;
	case EXPR_IDENT: {
		if (!type_of_ident(tr, e->where, e->ident, t, false)) return false;
	} break;
	case EXPR_IF: {
		IfExpr *i = &e->if_;
		if (i->cond) {
			if (!type_of_expr(tr, i->cond))
				return false;
			if (!type_can_be_truthy(&i->cond->type)) {
				char *s = type_to_str(&i->cond->type);
				err_print(i->cond->where, "Type %s cannot be the condition of an if statement.", s);
				free(s);
				return false;
			}
		}
		if (!types_block(tr, &i->body))
			return false;
		if (i->body.ret_expr)
			*t = i->body.ret_expr->type;
		else
			t->kind = TYPE_VOID;
		if (i->next_elif) {
			if (!type_of_expr(tr, i->next_elif))
				return false;
			if (!type_eq(t, &i->next_elif->type)) {
				char *this_type = type_to_str(t);
				char *that_type = type_to_str(&i->next_elif->type);
				
				err_print(e->where, "elif/else block of an if statement has a different type. Expected %s, but got %s.", that_type, this_type);
				return false;
			}
		}
		if (i->kind == IFEXPR_IF && t->kind != TYPE_VOID) {
			/* make sure there's an else at the end of this chain */
			bool has_else = false;
			IfExpr *curr = i;
		    do {
				curr = &curr->next_elif->if_;
				if (curr->kind == IFEXPR_ELSE)
					has_else = true;
			} while (curr->next_elif);
			if (!has_else) {
				err_print(e->where, "non-void if block with no else");
				return false;
			}
		}
	} break;
	case EXPR_CALL: {
		CallExpr *c = &e->call;
		Expression *f = c->fn;
		if (f->kind == EXPR_IDENT) {
			/* allow calling a function before declaring it */
			if (!type_of_ident(tr, f->where, f->ident, &f->type, true)) return false;
		} else {
			if (!type_of_expr(tr, f)) return false;
		}
		arr_foreach(&c->args, Expression, arg) {
			if (!type_of_expr(tr, arg))
				return false;
		}
		if (f->type.kind != TYPE_FN) {
			char *type = type_to_str(&f->type);
			err_print(e->where, "Calling non-function (type %s).", type);
			return false;
		}
		Type *ret_type = (Type *)f->type.fn.types.data;
		Type *param_types = ret_type + 1;
		Expression *args = c->args.data;
		size_t nparams = f->type.fn.types.len - 1;
		if (nparams != c->args.len) {
			err_print(e->where, "Expected %lu arguments to function, but got %lu.", (unsigned long)nparams, (unsigned long)c->args.len);
			return false;
		}
		bool ret = true;
		for (size_t p = 0; p < nparams; p++) {
			Type *expected = &param_types[p];
			Type *got = &args[p].type;
			if (!type_eq(expected, got)) {
				ret = false;
				char *estr = type_to_str(expected);
				char *gstr = type_to_str(got);
				err_print(args[p].where, "Expected type %s as %lu%s argument to function, but got %s.", estr, 1+(unsigned long)p, ordinals(1+p), gstr);
			}
		}
		if (!ret) return false;
		*t = *ret_type;
		break;
	}
	case EXPR_BLOCK: {
		Block *b = &e->block;
		if (!types_block(tr, b))
			return false;
		if (b->ret_expr) {
			*t = b->ret_expr->type;
		} else {
			t->kind = TYPE_VOID;
		}
	} break;
	case EXPR_DIRECT:
		t->kind = TYPE_UNKNOWN;
	    arr_foreach(&e->direct.args, Expression, arg) {
			types_expr(tr, arg);
		}
		switch (e->direct.which) {
		case DIRECT_C: {
			size_t n_args = e->direct.args.len;
			if (n_args != 1) {
				err_print(e->where, "#C call should have one string argument (got %lu arguments).", (unsigned long)n_args);
				return false;
			}
			/* TODO: when string types are added, check */
		} break;
		case DIRECT_COUNT: assert(0); return false;
		}
		break;
	case EXPR_UNARY_OP: {
		Expression *of = e->unary.of;
		Type *of_type = &of->type;
	    if (!type_of_expr(tr, e->unary.of)) return false;
		switch (e->unary.op) {
		case UNARY_MINUS:
			if (of_type->kind != TYPE_BUILTIN || !type_builtin_is_numerical(of_type->builtin)) {
				char *s = type_to_str(of_type);
				err_print(e->where, "Cannot apply unary - to non-numerical type %s.", s);
				free(s);
				return false;
			}
			*t = *of_type;
			break;
		case UNARY_ADDRESS:
			if (!expr_must_lval(of)) {
				err_print(e->where, "Cannot take address of non-lvalue."); /* FEATURE: better err */
				return false;
			}
			t->kind = TYPE_PTR;
			t->ptr.of = malloc(sizeof *t->ptr.of); /* OPTIM */
			*t->ptr.of = *of_type;
			break;
		case UNARY_DEREF:
			if (of_type->kind != TYPE_PTR) {
				char *s = type_to_str(of_type);
				err_print(e->where, "Cannot dereference non-pointer type %s.", s);
				free(s);
				return false;
			}
			*t = *of_type->ptr.of;
			break;
		}
	} break;
	case EXPR_BINARY_OP: {
		Type *lhs_type = &e->binary.lhs->type;
		Type *rhs_type = &e->binary.rhs->type;
		if (!type_of_expr(tr, e->binary.lhs)
			|| !type_of_expr(tr, e->binary.rhs))
			return false;
		switch (e->binary.op) {
		case BINARY_SET:
			if (!expr_must_lval(e->binary.lhs)) {
				err_print(e->where, "You can only assign to an lvalue."); /* FEATURE: better err */
				return false;
			}
			/* fallthrough */
		case BINARY_PLUS:
		case BINARY_MINUS:
		case BINARY_MUL:
		case BINARY_DIV: {
			bool match = true;
			if (e->binary.op != BINARY_SET) {
				/* numerical binary ops */
				if (lhs_type->kind != rhs_type->kind) {
					match = false;
				} else if (lhs_type->kind != TYPE_BUILTIN) {
					match = false;
				} else if (!type_builtin_is_numerical(lhs_type->builtin) || !type_builtin_is_numerical(rhs_type->builtin)) {
					match = false;
				}
			}
			if (match) {
				if (e->binary.op == BINARY_SET) {
					/* type of x = y is always void */
					t->kind = TYPE_VOID;
					break;
				}
				int lhs_is_flexible = lhs_type->flags & TYPE_FLAG_FLEXIBLE;
				int rhs_is_flexible = rhs_type->flags & TYPE_FLAG_FLEXIBLE;
				if (lhs_is_flexible && rhs_is_flexible) {
					*t = *lhs_type;
					if (rhs_type->builtin == BUILTIN_F32) {
						/* promote to float */
						t->builtin = BUILTIN_F32;
					}
				} else if (type_eq(lhs_type, rhs_type)) {
					if (!lhs_is_flexible)
						*t = *lhs_type;
					else
						*t = *rhs_type;
				} else {
					match = false;
				}
			}
			if (!match) {
				char *s1, *s2;
				s1 = type_to_str(lhs_type);
				s2 = type_to_str(rhs_type);
				const char *op = binary_op_to_str(e->binary.op);
				err_print(e->where, "Mismatched types to operator %s: %s and %s", op, s1, s2);
				return false;
			}
			break;
		}
		case BINARY_AT_INDEX:
			/* TODO(eventually): support non-builtin numerical (or even perhaps non-numerical) indices */
			if (rhs_type->kind != TYPE_BUILTIN || !type_builtin_is_numerical(rhs_type->builtin)) {
				err_print(e->where, "The index of an array must be a builtin numerical type.");
				return false;
			}
			if (lhs_type->kind != TYPE_ARR) {
				err_print(e->where, "Trying to take index of non-array.");
				return false;
			}
			*t = *lhs_type->arr.of;
			break;
		case BINARY_COMMA: {
			t->kind = TYPE_TUPLE;
			Array *tup_types = &t->tuple;
			arr_create(tup_types, sizeof(Type));
			if (lhs_type->kind == TYPE_TUPLE) {
				/* tuple, x => tuple */
				arr_foreach(&lhs_type->tuple, Type, child) {
					*(Type*)arr_add(tup_types) = *child;
				}
			} else {
				*(Type*)arr_add(tup_types) = *lhs_type;
			}
			
			if (rhs_type->kind == TYPE_TUPLE) {
				/* x, tuple => tuple */
				arr_foreach(&rhs_type->tuple, Type, child) {
					*(Type*)arr_add(tup_types) = *child;
				}
			} else {
				*(Type*)arr_add(tup_types) = *rhs_type;
			}
		} break;
		}
	} break;
	}
	return true;
}

static bool types_block(Typer *tr, Block *b) {
	bool ret = true;
	Block *prev_block = tr->block;
	tr->block = b;
	if (!block_enter(b, &b->stmts)) return false;
	arr_foreach(&b->stmts, Statement, s) {
		if (!types_stmt(tr, s)) ret = false;
	}
	if (b->ret_expr)
		if (!types_expr(tr, b->ret_expr))
			ret = false;
	block_exit(b, &b->stmts);
	tr->block = prev_block;
	return ret;
}

/* does descend into blocks, unlike type_of_expr. */
/* TODO: you still need to descend into other things */
static bool types_expr(Typer *tr, Expression *e) {
	if (!type_of_expr(tr, e)) return false;
	switch (e->kind) {
	case EXPR_FN: {
		assert(e->type.kind == TYPE_FN);
		FnExpr *f = e->fn;
		add_ident_decls(&f->body, &f->params);
		if (!types_block(tr, &e->fn->body))
			return false;
		remove_ident_decls(&f->body, &f->params);
		Type *ret_type = e->type.fn.types.data;
		Expression *ret_expr = f->body.ret_expr;
		
		if (ret_expr) {
			if (!type_eq(ret_type, &ret_expr->type)) {
				char *got = type_to_str(&ret_expr->type);
				char *expected = type_to_str(ret_type);
				err_print(ret_expr->where, "Returning type %s, but function returns type %s.", got, expected);
				info_print(e->where, "Function declaration is here.");
				free(got); free(expected);
				return false;
			}
		} else if (ret_type->kind != TYPE_VOID) {
			/* TODO: this should really be at the closing brace, and not the function declaration */
			char *expected = type_to_str(ret_type);
			err_print(f->body.end, "No return value in function which returns %s.", expected);
			free(expected);
			info_print(e->where, "Function was declared here:");
			return false;
		}
	} break;
	default: break;
	}
	return true;
}


static bool types_decl(Typer *tr, Declaration *d) {
	bool success = true;
	if (d->flags & DECL_FLAG_FOUND_TYPE) goto ret;
	Declaration **dptr = arr_add(&tr->in_decls);
	*dptr = d;
	if (d->flags & DECL_FLAG_ANNOTATES_TYPE) {
		/* type supplied */
		assert(d->type.kind != TYPE_VOID); /* there's no way to annotate void */
		if (!type_resolve(tr, &d->type)) {
			success = false;
			goto ret;
		}
	}
	if (d->flags & DECL_FLAG_HAS_EXPR) {
		if (!types_expr(tr, &d->expr)) {
			success = false;
			goto ret;
		}
		if (d->flags & DECL_FLAG_ANNOTATES_TYPE) {
			if (!type_must_eq(d->expr.where, &d->type, &d->expr.type)) {
				success = false;
				goto ret;
			}
		} else {
			if (d->expr.type.kind == TYPE_VOID) {
				/* e.g. x := (fn(){})(); */
				err_print(d->expr.where, "Use of void value.");
				success = false;
				goto ret;
			}
			d->type = d->expr.type;
		}
		if (d->flags & DECL_FLAG_CONST) {
			if (!d->val) {
				d->val = err_malloc(sizeof *d->val); /* OPTIM */
				if (!eval_expr(&d->expr, d->val)) {
					success = false;
					goto ret;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	d->flags |= DECL_FLAG_FOUND_TYPE;
 ret:
	arr_remove_last(&tr->in_decls);
	return success;
}

static bool types_stmt(Typer *tr, Statement *s) {
	switch (s->kind) {
	case STMT_EXPR:
		if (!types_expr(tr, &s->expr)) {
			return false;
		}
		break;
	case STMT_DECL:
		if (!types_decl(tr, &s->decl))
			return false;
		break;
	}
	return true;
}

static void typer_create(Typer *tr) {
	tr->block = NULL;
	arr_create(&tr->in_decls, sizeof(Declaration *));
}

static bool types_file(ParsedFile *f) {
	Typer tr;
	typer_create(&tr);
	arr_foreach(&f->stmts, Statement, s) {
		if (!types_stmt(&tr, s)) {
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}