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-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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-<title>Character Set Conversion</title>
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-<a href="#glib-Character-Set-Conversion.synopsis" class="shortcut">Top</a>
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- <a href="#glib-Character-Set-Conversion.description" class="shortcut">Description</a>
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-<td valign="top">
-<h2><span class="refentrytitle"><a name="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.top_of_page"></a>Character Set Conversion</span></h2>
-<p>Character Set Conversion — convert strings between different character sets</p>
-</td>
-<td valign="top" align="right"></td>
-</tr></table></div>
-<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
-<a name="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.synopsis"></a><h2>Synopsis</h2>
-<pre class="synopsis">
-#include &lt;glib.h&gt;
-
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert" title="g_convert ()">g_convert</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *str</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *to_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *from_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert-with-fallback" title="g_convert_with_fallback ()">g_convert_with_fallback</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *str</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *to_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *from_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *fallback</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
- <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv">GIConv</a>;
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert-with-iconv" title="g_convert_with_iconv ()">g_convert_with_iconv</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *str</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv"><span class="type">GIConv</span></a> converter</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
-#define <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#G-CONVERT-ERROR:CAPS" title="G_CONVERT_ERROR">G_CONVERT_ERROR</a>
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv"><span class="returnvalue">GIConv</span></a> <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open" title="g_iconv_open ()">g_iconv_open</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *to_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *from_codeset</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="returnvalue">gsize</span></a> <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv" title="g_iconv ()">g_iconv</a> (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv"><span class="type">GIConv</span></a> converter</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **inbuf</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *inbytes_left</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **outbuf</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *outbytes_left</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="returnvalue">gint</span></a> <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-close" title="g_iconv_close ()">g_iconv_close</a> (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv"><span class="type">GIConv</span></a> converter</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8" title="g_locale_to_utf8 ()">g_locale_to_utf8</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *opsysstring</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-to-utf8" title="g_filename_to_utf8 ()">g_filename_to_utf8</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *opsysstring</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-from-utf8" title="g_filename_from_utf8 ()">g_filename_from_utf8</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *utf8string</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a> <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-get-filename-charsets" title="g_get_filename_charsets ()">g_get_filename_charsets</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> ***charsets</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-display-name" title="g_filename_display_name ()">g_filename_display_name</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *filename</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-display-basename" title="g_filename_display_basename ()">g_filename_display_basename</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *filename</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-from-utf8" title="g_locale_from_utf8 ()">g_locale_from_utf8</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *utf8string</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);
-enum <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError">GConvertError</a>;
-
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a> <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-get-charset" title="g_get_charset ()">g_get_charset</a> (<em class="parameter"><code>const <span class="type">char</span> **charset</code></em>);
-<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-get-codeset" title="g_get_codeset ()">g_get_codeset</a> (<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">void</span></code></em>);
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div class="refsect1">
-<a name="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.description"></a><h2>Description</h2>
-<p>
-The <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert" title="g_convert ()"><code class="function">g_convert()</code></a> family of function wraps the functionality of <code class="function">iconv()</code>. In
-addition to pure character set conversions, GLib has functions to deal
-with the extra complications of encodings for file names.
-</p>
-<p>
-</p>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="file-name-encodings"></a><h3>File Name Encodings</h3>
-<p>
-Historically, Unix has not had a defined encoding for file
-names: a file name is valid as long as it does not have path
-separators in it ("/"). However, displaying file names may
-require conversion: from the character set in which they were
-created, to the character set in which the application
-operates. Consider the Spanish file name
-"<code class="filename">Presentación.sxi</code>". If the
-application which created it uses ISO-8859-1 for its encoding,
-</p>
-<a name="filename-iso8859-1"></a><pre class="programlisting">
-Character: P r e s e n t a c i ó n . s x i
-Hex code: 50 72 65 73 65 6e 74 61 63 69 f3 6e 2e 73 78 69
-</pre>
-<p>
-However, if the application use UTF-8, the actual file name on
-disk would look like this:
-</p>
-<a name="filename-utf-8"></a><pre class="programlisting">
-Character: P r e s e n t a c i ó n . s x i
-Hex code: 50 72 65 73 65 6e 74 61 63 69 c3 b3 6e 2e 73 78 69
-</pre>
-<p>
-Glib uses UTF-8 for its strings, and GUI toolkits like GTK+
-that use Glib do the same thing. If you get a file name from
-the file system, for example, from readdir(3) or from <a class="link" href="glib-File-Utilities.html#g-dir-read-name" title="g_dir_read_name ()"><code class="function">g_dir_read_name()</code></a>,
-and you wish to display the file name to the user, you
-<span class="emphasis"><em>will</em></span> need to convert it into UTF-8. The
-opposite case is when the user types the name of a file he
-wishes to save: the toolkit will give you that string in
-UTF-8 encoding, and you will need to convert it to the
-character set used for file names before you can create the
-file with open(2) or fopen(3).
-</p>
-<p>
-By default, Glib assumes that file names on disk are in UTF-8
-encoding. This is a valid assumption for file systems which
-were created relatively recently: most applications use UTF-8
-encoding for their strings, and that is also what they use for
-the file names they create. However, older file systems may
-still contain file names created in "older" encodings, such as
-ISO-8859-1. In this case, for compatibility reasons, you may
-want to instruct Glib to use that particular encoding for file
-names rather than UTF-8. You can do this by specifying the
-encoding for file names in the <a class="link" href="glib-running.html#G_FILENAME_ENCODING" title="G_FILENAME_ENCODING"><code class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</code></a>
-environment variable. For example, if your installation uses
-ISO-8859-1 for file names, you can put this in your
-<code class="filename">~/.profile</code>:
-</p>
-<pre class="programlisting">
-export G_FILENAME_ENCODING=ISO-8859-1
-</pre>
-<p>
-Glib provides the functions <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-to-utf8" title="g_filename_to_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_filename_to_utf8()</code></a> and
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-from-utf8" title="g_filename_from_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_filename_from_utf8()</code></a> to perform the necessary conversions. These
-functions convert file names from the encoding specified in
-<code class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</code> to UTF-8 and vice-versa.
-<a class="xref" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#file-name-encodings-diagram" title="Figure 2. Conversion between File Name Encodings">Figure 2, “Conversion between File Name Encodings”</a> illustrates how
-these functions are used to convert between UTF-8 and the
-encoding for file names in the file system.
-</p>
-<div class="figure">
-<a name="file-name-encodings-diagram"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 2. Conversion between File Name Encodings</b></p>
-<div class="figure-contents"><div><img src="file-name-encodings.png" alt="Conversion between File Name Encodings"></div></div>
-</div>
-<br class="figure-break"><div class="refsect3">
-<a name="file-name-encodings-checklist"></a><h4>Checklist for Application Writers</h4>
-<p>
-This section is a practical summary of the detailed
-description above. You can use this as a checklist of
-things to do to make sure your applications process file
-name encodings correctly.
-</p>
-<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
-<li class="listitem"><p>
-If you get a file name from the file system from a function
-such as readdir(3) or <a href="http://developer.gnome.org/devel/gtk/GtkFileChooser.html#gtk-file-chooser-get-filename"><code class="function">gtk_file_chooser_get_filename()</code></a>,
-you do not need to do any conversion to pass that
-file name to functions like open(2), rename(2), or
-fopen(3) — those are "raw" file names which the file
-system understands.
-</p></li>
-<li class="listitem"><p>
-If you need to display a file name, convert it to UTF-8 first by
-using <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-to-utf8" title="g_filename_to_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_filename_to_utf8()</code></a>. If conversion fails, display a string like
-"<code class="literal">Unknown file name</code>". <span class="emphasis"><em>Do not</em></span>
-convert this string back into the encoding used for file names if you
-wish to pass it to the file system; use the original file name instead.
-For example, the document window of a word processor could display
-"Unknown file name" in its title bar but still let the user save the
-file, as it would keep the raw file name internally. This can happen
-if the user has not set the <code class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</code>
-environment variable even though he has files whose names are not
-encoded in UTF-8.
-</p></li>
-<li class="listitem"><p>
-If your user interface lets the user type a file name for saving or
-renaming, convert it to the encoding used for file names in the file
-system by using <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-from-utf8" title="g_filename_from_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_filename_from_utf8()</code></a>. Pass the converted file name
-to functions like fopen(3). If conversion fails, ask the user to enter
-a different file name. This can happen if the user types Japanese
-characters when <code class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</code> is set to
-<code class="literal">ISO-8859-1</code>, for example.
-</p></li>
-</ol></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<p>
-</p>
-</div>
-<div class="refsect1">
-<a name="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.details"></a><h2>Details</h2>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-convert"></a><h3>g_convert ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_convert (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *str</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *to_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *from_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Converts a string from one character set to another.
-</p>
-<p>
-Note that you should use <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv" title="g_iconv ()"><code class="function">g_iconv()</code></a> for streaming
-conversions<sup>[<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#ftn.streaming-state" class="footnoteref">3</a>]</sup>.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>str</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the string to convert</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
-nul-terminated<sup>[<a name="nul-unsafe" href="#ftn.nul-unsafe" class="footnote">2</a>]</sup>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>to_codeset</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>name of character set into which to convert <em class="parameter"><code>str</code></em>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>from_codeset</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>character set of <em class="parameter"><code>str</code></em>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_read</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the number of bytes in the
-input string that were successfully converted, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
-Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
-less than <em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> if there were partial characters
-at the end of the input. If the error
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#G-CONVERT-ERROR-ILLEGAL-SEQUENCE:CAPS"><span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span></a> occurs, the value
-stored will the byte offset after the last valid
-input sequence. <span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>]</span>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_written</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
-including the terminating nul). <span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>]</span>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the error occurring, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore
-errors. Any of the errors in <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>If the conversion was successful, a newly allocated
-nul-terminated string, which must be freed with
-<a class="link" href="glib-Memory-Allocation.html#g-free" title="g_free ()"><code class="function">g_free()</code></a>. Otherwise <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> and <em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> will be set.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-convert-with-fallback"></a><h3>g_convert_with_fallback ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_convert_with_fallback (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *str</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *to_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *from_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *fallback</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Converts a string from one character set to another, possibly
-including fallback sequences for characters not representable
-in the output. Note that it is not guaranteed that the specification
-for the fallback sequences in <em class="parameter"><code>fallback</code></em> will be honored. Some
-systems may do an approximate conversion from <em class="parameter"><code>from_codeset</code></em>
-to <em class="parameter"><code>to_codeset</code></em> in their <code class="function">iconv()</code> functions,
-in which case GLib will simply return that approximate conversion.
-</p>
-<p>
-Note that you should use <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv" title="g_iconv ()"><code class="function">g_iconv()</code></a> for streaming
-conversions<sup>[<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#ftn.streaming-state" class="footnoteref">3</a>]</sup>.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>str</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the string to convert</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
-nul-terminated<sup>[<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#ftn.nul-unsafe" class="footnoteref">2</a>]</sup>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>to_codeset</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>name of character set into which to convert <em class="parameter"><code>str</code></em>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>from_codeset</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>character set of <em class="parameter"><code>str</code></em>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>fallback</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>UTF-8 string to use in place of character not
-present in the target encoding. (The string must be
-representable in the target encoding).
-If <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, characters not in the target encoding will
-be represented as Unicode escapes \uxxxx or \Uxxxxyyyy.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_read</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the number of bytes in the
-input string that were successfully converted, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
-Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
-less than <em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> if there were partial characters
-at the end of the input.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_written</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
-including the terminating nul).</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the error occurring, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore
-errors. Any of the errors in <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>If the conversion was successful, a newly allocated
-nul-terminated string, which must be freed with
-<a class="link" href="glib-Memory-Allocation.html#g-free" title="g_free ()"><code class="function">g_free()</code></a>. Otherwise <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> and <em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> will be set.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="GIConv"></a><h3>GIConv</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting">typedef struct _GIConv GIConv;</pre>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-convert-with-iconv"></a><h3>g_convert_with_iconv ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_convert_with_iconv (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *str</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv"><span class="type">GIConv</span></a> converter</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Converts a string from one character set to another.
-</p>
-<p>
-Note that you should use <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv" title="g_iconv ()"><code class="function">g_iconv()</code></a> for streaming
-conversions<sup>[<a name="streaming-state" href="#ftn.streaming-state" class="footnote">3</a>]</sup>.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>str</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the string to convert</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
-nul-terminated<sup>[<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#ftn.nul-unsafe" class="footnoteref">2</a>]</sup>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>converter</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>conversion descriptor from <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open" title="g_iconv_open ()"><code class="function">g_iconv_open()</code></a>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_read</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the number of bytes in the
-input string that were successfully converted, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
-Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
-less than <em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> if there were partial characters
-at the end of the input. If the error
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#G-CONVERT-ERROR-ILLEGAL-SEQUENCE:CAPS"><span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span></a> occurs, the value
-stored will the byte offset after the last valid
-input sequence.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_written</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
-including the terminating nul).</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the error occurring, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore
-errors. Any of the errors in <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>If the conversion was successful, a newly allocated
-nul-terminated string, which must be freed with
-<a class="link" href="glib-Memory-Allocation.html#g-free" title="g_free ()"><code class="function">g_free()</code></a>. Otherwise <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> and <em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> will be set.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="G-CONVERT-ERROR:CAPS"></a><h3>G_CONVERT_ERROR</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting">#define G_CONVERT_ERROR g_convert_error_quark()
-</pre>
-<p>
-Error domain for character set conversions. Errors in this domain will
-be from the <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> enumeration. See <a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> for information on
-error domains.
-</p>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-iconv-open"></a><h3>g_iconv_open ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv"><span class="returnvalue">GIConv</span></a> g_iconv_open (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *to_codeset</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *from_codeset</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Same as the standard UNIX routine <code class="function">iconv_open()</code>, but
-may be implemented via libiconv on UNIX flavors that lack
-a native implementation.
-</p>
-<p>
-GLib provides <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert" title="g_convert ()"><code class="function">g_convert()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8" title="g_locale_to_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_locale_to_utf8()</code></a> which are likely
-more convenient than the raw iconv wrappers.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>to_codeset</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>destination codeset</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>from_codeset</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>source codeset</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a "conversion descriptor", or (GIConv)-1 if
-opening the converter failed.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-iconv"></a><h3>g_iconv ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="returnvalue">gsize</span></a> g_iconv (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv"><span class="type">GIConv</span></a> converter</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **inbuf</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *inbytes_left</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **outbuf</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *outbytes_left</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Same as the standard UNIX routine <code class="function">iconv()</code>, but
-may be implemented via libiconv on UNIX flavors that lack
-a native implementation.
-</p>
-<p>
-GLib provides <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert" title="g_convert ()"><code class="function">g_convert()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8" title="g_locale_to_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_locale_to_utf8()</code></a> which are likely
-more convenient than the raw iconv wrappers.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>converter</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>conversion descriptor from <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open" title="g_iconv_open ()"><code class="function">g_iconv_open()</code></a>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>inbuf</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>bytes to convert</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>inbytes_left</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>inout parameter, bytes remaining to convert in <em class="parameter"><code>inbuf</code></em>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>outbuf</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>converted output bytes</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>outbytes_left</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>inout parameter, bytes available to fill in <em class="parameter"><code>outbuf</code></em>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>count of non-reversible conversions, or -1 on error</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-iconv-close"></a><h3>g_iconv_close ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint"><span class="returnvalue">gint</span></a> g_iconv_close (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GIConv" title="GIConv"><span class="type">GIConv</span></a> converter</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Same as the standard UNIX routine <code class="function">iconv_close()</code>, but
-may be implemented via libiconv on UNIX flavors that lack
-a native implementation. Should be called to clean up
-the conversion descriptor from <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open" title="g_iconv_open ()"><code class="function">g_iconv_open()</code></a> when
-you are done converting things.
-</p>
-<p>
-GLib provides <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert" title="g_convert ()"><code class="function">g_convert()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8" title="g_locale_to_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_locale_to_utf8()</code></a> which are likely
-more convenient than the raw iconv wrappers.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>converter</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a conversion descriptor from <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-iconv-open" title="g_iconv_open ()"><code class="function">g_iconv_open()</code></a>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>-1 on error, 0 on success</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-locale-to-utf8"></a><h3>g_locale_to_utf8 ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_locale_to_utf8 (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *opsysstring</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Converts a string which is in the encoding used for strings by
-the C runtime (usually the same as that used by the operating
-system) in the <a class="link" href="glib-running.html#setlocale" title="Locale">current locale</a> into a
-UTF-8 string.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>opsysstring</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a string in the encoding of the current locale. On Windows
-this means the system codepage.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
-nul-terminated<sup>[<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#ftn.nul-unsafe" class="footnoteref">2</a>]</sup>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_read</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the number of bytes in the
-input string that were successfully converted, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
-Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
-less than <em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> if there were partial characters
-at the end of the input. If the error
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#G-CONVERT-ERROR-ILLEGAL-SEQUENCE:CAPS"><span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span></a> occurs, the value
-stored will the byte offset after the last valid
-input sequence.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_written</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
-including the terminating nul).</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the error occurring, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore
-errors. Any of the errors in <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>The converted string, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> on an error.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-filename-to-utf8"></a><h3>g_filename_to_utf8 ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_filename_to_utf8 (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *opsysstring</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Converts a string which is in the encoding used by GLib for
-filenames into a UTF-8 string. Note that on Windows GLib uses UTF-8
-for filenames; on other platforms, this function indirectly depends on
-the <a class="link" href="glib-running.html#setlocale" title="Locale">current locale</a>.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>opsysstring</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a string in the encoding for filenames</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
-nul-terminated<sup>[<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#ftn.nul-unsafe" class="footnoteref">2</a>]</sup>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_read</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the number of bytes in the
-input string that were successfully converted, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
-Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
-less than <em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> if there were partial characters
-at the end of the input. If the error
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#G-CONVERT-ERROR-ILLEGAL-SEQUENCE:CAPS"><span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span></a> occurs, the value
-stored will the byte offset after the last valid
-input sequence.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_written</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
-including the terminating nul).</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the error occurring, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore
-errors. Any of the errors in <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>The converted string, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> on an error.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-filename-from-utf8"></a><h3>g_filename_from_utf8 ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_filename_from_utf8 (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *utf8string</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Converts a string from UTF-8 to the encoding GLib uses for
-filenames. Note that on Windows GLib uses UTF-8 for filenames;
-on other platforms, this function indirectly depends on the
-<a class="link" href="glib-running.html#setlocale" title="Locale">current locale</a>.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>utf8string</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a UTF-8 encoded string.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
-nul-terminated.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_read</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the number of bytes in the
-input string that were successfully converted, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
-Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
-less than <em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> if there were partial characters
-at the end of the input. If the error
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#G-CONVERT-ERROR-ILLEGAL-SEQUENCE:CAPS"><span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span></a> occurs, the value
-stored will the byte offset after the last valid
-input sequence.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_written</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
-including the terminating nul).</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the error occurring, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore
-errors. Any of the errors in <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>The converted string, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> on an error.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-get-filename-charsets"></a><h3>g_get_filename_charsets ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a> g_get_filename_charsets (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> ***charsets</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Determines the preferred character sets used for filenames.
-The first character set from the <em class="parameter"><code>charsets</code></em> is the filename encoding, the
-subsequent character sets are used when trying to generate a displayable
-representation of a filename, see <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-display-name" title="g_filename_display_name ()"><code class="function">g_filename_display_name()</code></a>.
-</p>
-<p>
-On Unix, the character sets are determined by consulting the
-environment variables <code class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</code> and
-<code class="envar">G_BROKEN_FILENAMES</code>. On Windows, the character set
-used in the GLib API is always UTF-8 and said environment variables
-have no effect.
-</p>
-<p>
-<code class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</code> may be set to a comma-separated list
-of character set names. The special token "@locale" is taken to
-mean the character set for the <a class="link" href="glib-running.html#setlocale" title="Locale">current
-locale</a>. If <code class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</code> is not set, but
-<code class="envar">G_BROKEN_FILENAMES</code> is, the character set of the current
-locale is taken as the filename encoding. If neither environment variable
-is set, UTF-8 is taken as the filename encoding, but the character
-set of the current locale is also put in the list of encodings.
-</p>
-<p>
-The returned <em class="parameter"><code>charsets</code></em> belong to GLib and must not be freed.
-</p>
-<p>
-Note that on Unix, regardless of the locale character set or
-<code class="envar">G_FILENAME_ENCODING</code> value, the actual file names present
-on a system might be in any random encoding or just gibberish.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>charsets</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>return location for the <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>-terminated list of encoding names</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>
-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> if the filename encoding is UTF-8.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-<p class="since">Since 2.6</p>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-filename-display-name"></a><h3>g_filename_display_name ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_filename_display_name (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *filename</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Converts a filename into a valid UTF-8 string. The conversion is
-not necessarily reversible, so you should keep the original around
-and use the return value of this function only for display purposes.
-Unlike <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-to-utf8" title="g_filename_to_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_filename_to_utf8()</code></a>, the result is guaranteed to be non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>
-even if the filename actually isn't in the GLib file name encoding.
-</p>
-<p>
-If GLib cannot make sense of the encoding of <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>, as a last resort it
-replaces unknown characters with U+FFFD, the Unicode replacement character.
-You can search the result for the UTF-8 encoding of this character (which is
-"\357\277\275" in octal notation) to find out if <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em> was in an invalid
-encoding.
-</p>
-<p>
-If you know the whole pathname of the file you should use
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-display-basename" title="g_filename_display_basename ()"><code class="function">g_filename_display_basename()</code></a>, since that allows location-based
-translation of filenames.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a pathname hopefully in the GLib file name encoding</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a newly allocated string containing
-a rendition of the filename in valid UTF-8</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-<p class="since">Since 2.6</p>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-filename-display-basename"></a><h3>g_filename_display_basename ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_filename_display_basename (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *filename</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Returns the display basename for the particular filename, guaranteed
-to be valid UTF-8. The display name might not be identical to the filename,
-for instance there might be problems converting it to UTF-8, and some files
-can be translated in the display.
-</p>
-<p>
-If GLib cannot make sense of the encoding of <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>, as a last resort it
-replaces unknown characters with U+FFFD, the Unicode replacement character.
-You can search the result for the UTF-8 encoding of this character (which is
-"\357\277\275" in octal notation) to find out if <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em> was in an invalid
-encoding.
-</p>
-<p>
-You must pass the whole absolute pathname to this functions so that
-translation of well known locations can be done.
-</p>
-<p>
-This function is preferred over <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-filename-display-name" title="g_filename_display_name ()"><code class="function">g_filename_display_name()</code></a> if you know the
-whole path, as it allows translation.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>an absolute pathname in the GLib file name encoding</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a newly allocated string containing
-a rendition of the basename of the filename in valid UTF-8</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-<p class="since">Since 2.6</p>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-locale-from-utf8"></a><h3>g_locale_from_utf8 ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_locale_from_utf8 (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *utf8string</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gssize" title="gssize"><span class="type">gssize</span></a> len</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_read</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gsize" title="gsize"><span class="type">gsize</span></a> *bytes_written</code></em>,
- <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Converts a string from UTF-8 to the encoding used for strings by
-the C runtime (usually the same as that used by the operating
-system) in the <a class="link" href="glib-running.html#setlocale" title="Locale">current locale</a>. On
-Windows this means the system codepage.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>utf8string</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a UTF-8 encoded string</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the length of the string, or -1 if the string is
-nul-terminated<sup>[<a href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#ftn.nul-unsafe" class="footnoteref">2</a>]</sup>.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_read</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the number of bytes in the
-input string that were successfully converted, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
-Even if the conversion was successful, this may be
-less than <em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> if there were partial characters
-at the end of the input. If the error
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#G-CONVERT-ERROR-ILLEGAL-SEQUENCE:CAPS"><span class="type">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</span></a> occurs, the value
-stored will the byte offset after the last valid
-input sequence.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>bytes_written</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>the number of bytes stored in the output buffer (not
-including the terminating nul).</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>location to store the error occurring, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore
-errors. Any of the errors in <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#GConvertError" title="enum GConvertError"><span class="type">GConvertError</span></a> may occur.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>The converted string, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> on an error.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="GConvertError"></a><h3>enum GConvertError</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting">typedef enum {
- G_CONVERT_ERROR_NO_CONVERSION,
- G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE,
- G_CONVERT_ERROR_FAILED,
- G_CONVERT_ERROR_PARTIAL_INPUT,
- G_CONVERT_ERROR_BAD_URI,
- G_CONVERT_ERROR_NOT_ABSOLUTE_PATH
-} GConvertError;
-</pre>
-<p>
-Error codes returned by character set conversion routines.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><a name="G-CONVERT-ERROR-NO-CONVERSION:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_NO_CONVERSION</code></span></p></td>
-<td>Conversion between the requested character
- sets is not supported.
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><a name="G-CONVERT-ERROR-ILLEGAL-SEQUENCE:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_ILLEGAL_SEQUENCE</code></span></p></td>
-<td>Invalid byte sequence in conversion input.
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><a name="G-CONVERT-ERROR-FAILED:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_FAILED</code></span></p></td>
-<td>Conversion failed for some reason.
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><a name="G-CONVERT-ERROR-PARTIAL-INPUT:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_PARTIAL_INPUT</code></span></p></td>
-<td>Partial character sequence at end of input.
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><a name="G-CONVERT-ERROR-BAD-URI:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_BAD_URI</code></span></p></td>
-<td>URI is invalid.
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><a name="G-CONVERT-ERROR-NOT-ABSOLUTE-PATH:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">G_CONVERT_ERROR_NOT_ABSOLUTE_PATH</code></span></p></td>
-<td>Pathname is not an absolute path.
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-get-charset"></a><h3>g_get_charset ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a> g_get_charset (<em class="parameter"><code>const <span class="type">char</span> **charset</code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Obtains the character set for the <a class="link" href="glib-running.html#setlocale" title="Locale">current
-locale</a>; you might use this character set as an argument to
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert" title="g_convert ()"><code class="function">g_convert()</code></a>, to convert from the current locale's encoding to some
-other encoding. (Frequently <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-to-utf8" title="g_locale_to_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_locale_to_utf8()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-locale-from-utf8" title="g_locale_from_utf8 ()"><code class="function">g_locale_from_utf8()</code></a>
-are nice shortcuts, though.)
-</p>
-<p>
-On Windows the character set returned by this function is the
-so-called system default ANSI code-page. That is the character set
-used by the "narrow" versions of C library and Win32 functions that
-handle file names. It might be different from the character set
-used by the C library's current locale.
-</p>
-<p>
-The return value is <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> if the locale's encoding is UTF-8, in that
-case you can perhaps avoid calling <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert" title="g_convert ()"><code class="function">g_convert()</code></a>.
-</p>
-<p>
-The string returned in <em class="parameter"><code>charset</code></em> is not allocated, and should not be
-freed.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>charset</code></em> :</span></p></td>
-<td>return location for character set name</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>
-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> if the returned charset is UTF-8</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-<hr>
-<div class="refsect2">
-<a name="g-get-codeset"></a><h3>g_get_codeset ()</h3>
-<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="returnvalue">gchar</span></a> * g_get_codeset (<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">void</span></code></em>);</pre>
-<p>
-Gets the character set for the current locale.
-</p>
-<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
-<col align="left" valign="top">
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
-<td>a newly allocated string containing the name
-of the character set. This string must be freed with <a class="link" href="glib-Memory-Allocation.html#g-free" title="g_free ()"><code class="function">g_free()</code></a>.</td>
-</tr></tbody>
-</table></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="footnotes">
-<br><hr width="100" align="left">
-<div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a id="ftn.nul-unsafe" href="#nul-unsafe" class="para">2</a>] </sup>
-Note that some encodings may allow nul bytes to
-occur inside strings. In that case, using -1 for
-the <em class="parameter"><code>len</code></em> parameter is unsafe.
-</p></div>
-<div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a id="ftn.streaming-state" href="#streaming-state" class="para">3</a>] </sup>
-Despite the fact that <em class="parameter"><code>byes_read</code></em> can return information about partial
-characters, the <code class="literal">g_convert_...</code> functions
-are not generally suitable for streaming. If the underlying converter
-being used maintains internal state, then this won't be preserved
-across successive calls to <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert" title="g_convert ()"><code class="function">g_convert()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert-with-iconv" title="g_convert_with_iconv ()"><code class="function">g_convert_with_iconv()</code></a> or
-<a class="link" href="glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert-with-fallback" title="g_convert_with_fallback ()"><code class="function">g_convert_with_fallback()</code></a>. (An example of this is the GNU C converter
-for CP1255 which does not emit a base character until it knows that
-the next character is not a mark that could combine with the base
-character.)
- </p></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="footer">
-<hr>
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