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authorLeo Tenenbaum <pommicket@gmail.com>2018-08-20 21:12:06 -0400
committerLeo Tenenbaum <pommicket@gmail.com>2018-08-20 21:12:06 -0400
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tree6260365cbf7d24f37d27669e8538227fcb72e243 /gtk+-mingw/share/man/man3/pcrecompat.3
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-.TH PCRECOMPAT 3 "08 January 2012" "PCRE 8.30"
-.SH NAME
-PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions
-.SH "DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE AND PERL"
-.rs
-.sp
-This document describes the differences in the ways that PCRE and Perl handle
-regular expressions. The differences described here are with respect to Perl
-versions 5.10 and above.
-.P
-1. PCRE has only a subset of Perl's Unicode support. Details of what it does
-have are given in the
-.\" HREF
-\fBpcreunicode\fP
-.\"
-page.
-.P
-2. PCRE allows repeat quantifiers only on parenthesized assertions, but they do
-not mean what you might think. For example, (?!a){3} does not assert that the
-next three characters are not "a". It just asserts that the next character is
-not "a" three times (in principle: PCRE optimizes this to run the assertion
-just once). Perl allows repeat quantifiers on other assertions such as \eb, but
-these do not seem to have any use.
-.P
-3. Capturing subpatterns that occur inside negative lookahead assertions are
-counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are never set. Perl sets its
-numerical variables from any such patterns that are matched before the
-assertion fails to match something (thereby succeeding), but only if the
-negative lookahead assertion contains just one branch.
-.P
-4. Though binary zero characters are supported in the subject string, they are
-not allowed in a pattern string because it is passed as a normal C string,
-terminated by zero. The escape sequence \e0 can be used in the pattern to
-represent a binary zero.
-.P
-5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \el, \eu, \eL,
-\eU, and \eN when followed by a character name or Unicode value. (\eN on its
-own, matching a non-newline character, is supported.) In fact these are
-implemented by Perl's general string-handling and are not part of its pattern
-matching engine. If any of these are encountered by PCRE, an error is
-generated by default. However, if the PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set,
-\eU and \eu are interpreted as JavaScript interprets them.
-.P
-6. The Perl escape sequences \ep, \eP, and \eX are supported only if PCRE is
-built with Unicode character property support. The properties that can be
-tested with \ep and \eP are limited to the general category properties such as
-Lu and Nd, script names such as Greek or Han, and the derived properties Any
-and L&. PCRE does support the Cs (surrogate) property, which Perl does not; the
-Perl documentation says "Because Perl hides the need for the user to understand
-the internal representation of Unicode characters, there is no need to
-implement the somewhat messy concept of surrogates."
-.P
-7. PCRE implements a simpler version of \eX than Perl, which changed to make
-\eX match what Unicode calls an "extended grapheme cluster". This is more
-complicated than an extended Unicode sequence, which is what PCRE matches.
-.P
-8. PCRE does support the \eQ...\eE escape for quoting substrings. Characters in
-between are treated as literals. This is slightly different from Perl in that $
-and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause
-variable interpolation (but of course PCRE does not have variables). Note the
-following examples:
-.sp
- Pattern PCRE matches Perl matches
-.sp
-.\" JOIN
- \eQabc$xyz\eE abc$xyz abc followed by the
- contents of $xyz
- \eQabc\e$xyz\eE abc\e$xyz abc\e$xyz
- \eQabc\eE\e$\eQxyz\eE abc$xyz abc$xyz
-.sp
-The \eQ...\eE sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes.
-.P
-9. Fairly obviously, PCRE does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code})
-constructions. However, there is support for recursive patterns. This is not
-available in Perl 5.8, but it is in Perl 5.10. Also, the PCRE "callout"
-feature allows an external function to be called during pattern matching. See
-the
-.\" HREF
-\fBpcrecallout\fP
-.\"
-documentation for details.
-.P
-10. Subpatterns that are called as subroutines (whether or not recursively) are
-always treated as atomic groups in PCRE. This is like Python, but unlike Perl.
-Captured values that are set outside a subroutine call can be reference from
-inside in PCRE, but not in Perl. There is a discussion that explains these
-differences in more detail in the
-.\" HTML <a href="pcrepattern.html#recursiondifference">
-.\" </a>
-section on recursion differences from Perl
-.\"
-in the
-.\" HREF
-\fBpcrepattern\fP
-.\"
-page.
-.P
-11. If any of the backtracking control verbs are used in an assertion or in a
-subpattern that is called as a subroutine (whether or not recursively), their
-effect is confined to that subpattern; it does not extend to the surrounding
-pattern. This is not always the case in Perl. In particular, if (*THEN) is
-present in a group that is called as a subroutine, its action is limited to
-that group, even if the group does not contain any | characters. There is one
-exception to this: the name from a *(MARK), (*PRUNE), or (*THEN) that is
-encountered in a successful positive assertion \fIis\fP passed back when a
-match succeeds (compare capturing parentheses in assertions). Note that such
-subpatterns are processed as anchored at the point where they are tested.
-.P
-12. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured
-strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against
-the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 unset, but in PCRE it is set to "b".
-.P
-13. PCRE's handling of duplicate subpattern numbers and duplicate subpattern
-names is not as general as Perl's. This is a consequence of the fact the PCRE
-works internally just with numbers, using an external table to translate
-between numbers and names. In particular, a pattern such as (?|(?<a>A)|(?<b)B),
-where the two capturing parentheses have the same number but different names,
-is not supported, and causes an error at compile time. If it were allowed, it
-would not be possible to distinguish which parentheses matched, because both
-names map to capturing subpattern number 1. To avoid this confusing situation,
-an error is given at compile time.
-.P
-14. Perl recognizes comments in some places that PCRE does not, for example,
-between the ( and ? at the start of a subpattern. If the /x modifier is set,
-Perl allows white space between ( and ? but PCRE never does, even if the
-PCRE_EXTENDED option is set.
-.P
-15. PCRE provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities.
-Perl 5.10 includes new features that are not in earlier versions of Perl, some
-of which (such as named parentheses) have been in PCRE for some time. This list
-is with respect to Perl 5.10:
-.sp
-(a) Although lookbehind assertions in PCRE must match fixed length strings,
-each alternative branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a different length
-of string. Perl requires them all to have the same length.
-.sp
-(b) If PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE_MULTILINE is not set, the $
-meta-character matches only at the very end of the string.
-.sp
-(c) If PCRE_EXTRA is set, a backslash followed by a letter with no special
-meaning is faulted. Otherwise, like Perl, the backslash is quietly ignored.
-(Perl can be made to issue a warning.)
-.sp
-(d) If PCRE_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is
-inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a
-question mark they are.
-.sp
-(e) PCRE_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried
-only at the first matching position in the subject string.
-.sp
-(f) The PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, and
-PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE options for \fBpcre_exec()\fP have no Perl equivalents.
-.sp
-(g) The \eR escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF
-by the PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF option.
-.sp
-(h) The callout facility is PCRE-specific.
-.sp
-(i) The partial matching facility is PCRE-specific.
-.sp
-(j) Patterns compiled by PCRE can be saved and re-used at a later time, even on
-different hosts that have the other endianness. However, this does not apply to
-optimized data created by the just-in-time compiler.
-.sp
-(k) The alternative matching functions (\fBpcre_dfa_exec()\fP and
-\fBpcre16_dfa_exec()\fP) match in a different way and are not Perl-compatible.
-.sp
-(l) PCRE recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) at the start of
-a pattern that set overall options that cannot be changed within the pattern.
-.
-.
-.SH AUTHOR
-.rs
-.sp
-.nf
-Philip Hazel
-University Computing Service
-Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
-.fi
-.
-.
-.SH REVISION
-.rs
-.sp
-.nf
-Last updated: 01 June 2012
-Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge.
-.fi