<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" href="docs.css"> <title>Declarations</title> </head> <body> <h2>Declarations</h2> <p><a href="contents.html">Table of contents</a> · <a href="01.html">Next</a></p> Variable declarations have the following syntax: <pre> <name> :[:] [type] [= expression]; </pre> <p>The square brackets (<c>[]</c>) indicate something optional.</p> <p> All of the following statements declare an new variable <c>x</c> which is an integer, and has a value of 0: <pre> x : int; x : int = 0; x := 0; </pre> Note that in the first of those statements, although no expression is specified, it defaults to 0. </p> <p>If you wanted <c>x</c> to be a floating-point number, you could use:</p> <pre> x : float; x : float = 0; x := 0.0; </pre> <p>Note that <c>0</c> can be used as both a <c>float</c> and an <c>int</c>eger, but when no type is specified, it defaults to an <c>int</c>, whereas <c>0.0</c> defaults to a <c>float</c>.</p> <p>Here are all of toc's basic builtin types and their ranges of values:</p> <ul> <li><c>int</c> - A 64-bit signed integer (always), -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807</li> <li><c>i8</c> - An 8-bit signed integer, -128 to 128</li> <li><c>i16</c> - 16-bit signed integer, -32768 to 32767</li> <li><c>i32</c> - 32-bit signed integer, -2147483648 to 2147483647</li> <li><c>i64</c> - 64-bit signed integer (same as <c>int</c>, but more explicit about the size), -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807</li> <li><c>u8</c> - An 8-bit unsigned integer, 0 to 255</li> <li><c>u16</c> - 16-bit unsigned integer, 0 to 65535</li> <li><c>u32</c> - 32-bit unsigned integer, 0 to 4294967295</li> <li><c>u64</c> - 64-bit unsigned integer, 0 to 18446744073709551615</li> <li><c>float</c> - A 32-bit floating-point number, -3.40282347e+38 to 3.40282347e+38</li> <li><c>f32</c> - A 32-bit floating-point number (same as <c>float</c>, but more explicit about the size)</li> <li><c>f64</c> - A 64-bit floating-point number, -1.7976931348623157e+308 to 1.7976931348623157e+308</li> <li><c>bool</c> - A boolean value, either <c>false</c> or <c>true</c>.</li> <li><c>char</c> - A character (usually either -128 to 127 or 0 to 255).</li> </ul> <p>To make declarations constant, use <c>::</c> instead of <c>:</c>. e.g.</p> <p><c> x ::= 5+3; y :: float = 5.123; </c></p> <p>Here, "constant" means constant at compile time, not read-only as it does in C.</p> </body> </html>