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// functions for dealing with UTF-8/UTF-16/UTF-32.
// this file is entirely self-contained.
#ifndef UNICODE_H_
#define UNICODE_H_
#define UNICODE_BOX_CHARACTER 0x2610
#define UNICODE_CODE_POINTS 0x110000 // number of Unicode code points
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
static bool unicode_is_start_of_code_point(uint8_t byte) {
// see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Encoding
// continuation bytes are of the form 10xxxxxx
return (byte & 0xC0) != 0x80;
}
static bool unicode_is_continuation_byte(uint8_t byte) {
return (byte & 0xC0) == 0x80;
}
// A lot like mbrtoc32. Doesn't depend on the locale though, for one thing.
// *c will be filled with the next UTF-8 code point in `str`. `bytes` refers to the maximum
// number of bytes that can be read from `str` (note: this function will never read past a null
// byte, even if `bytes` indicates that it could).
// Returns:
// 0 - if a null character was encountered or if `bytes == 0`
// (size_t)-1 - on invalid UTF-8
// (size_t)-2 - on incomplete code point (str should be longer)
// other - the number of bytes read from `str`.
static size_t unicode_utf8_to_utf32(uint32_t *c, const char *str, size_t bytes) {
*c = 0;
if (bytes == 0) {
return 0;
}
// it's easier to do things with unsigned integers
const uint8_t *p = (const uint8_t *)str;
uint8_t first_byte = *p;
if (first_byte & 0x80) {
if ((first_byte & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
// two-byte code point
if (bytes >= 2) {
++p;
uint32_t second_byte = *p;
if ((second_byte & 0xC0) != 0x80) return (size_t)-1;
uint32_t value = ((uint32_t)first_byte & 0x1F) << 6
| (second_byte & 0x3F);
*c = (uint32_t)value;
return 2;
} else {
// incomplete code point
return (size_t)-2;
}
}
if ((first_byte & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
// three-byte code point
if (bytes >= 3) {
++p;
uint32_t second_byte = *p;
if ((second_byte & 0xC0) != 0x80) return (size_t)-1;
++p;
uint32_t third_byte = *p;
if ((third_byte & 0xC0) != 0x80) return (size_t)-1;
uint32_t value = ((uint32_t)first_byte & 0x0F) << 12
| (second_byte & 0x3F) << 6
| (third_byte & 0x3F);
if (value < 0xD800 || value > 0xDFFF) {
*c = (uint32_t)value;
return 3;
} else {
// reserved for UTF-16 surrogate halves
return (size_t)-1;
}
} else {
// incomplete
return (size_t)-2;
}
}
if ((first_byte & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
// four-byte code point
if (bytes >= 4) {
++p;
uint32_t second_byte = *p;
if ((second_byte & 0xC0) != 0x80) return (size_t)-1;
++p;
uint32_t third_byte = *p;
if ((third_byte & 0xC0) != 0x80) return (size_t)-1;
++p;
uint32_t fourth_byte = *p;
if ((fourth_byte & 0xC0) != 0x80) return (size_t)-1;
uint32_t value = ((uint32_t)first_byte & 0x07) << 18
| (second_byte & 0x3F) << 12
| (third_byte & 0x3F) << 6
| (fourth_byte & 0x3F);
if (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDFFF) {
// reserved for UTF-16 surrogate halves
return (size_t)-1;
} else if (value <= 0x10FFFF) {
*c = (uint32_t)value;
return 4;
} else {
// Code points this big can't be encoded by UTF-16 so are invalid UTF-8.
return (size_t)-1;
}
} else {
// incomplete
return (size_t)-2;
}
}
// invalid UTF-8
return (size_t)-1;
} else {
// ASCII character
if (first_byte == 0) {
return 0;
}
*c = first_byte;
return 1;
}
}
// A lot like c32rtomb
// Converts a UTF-32 codepoint to a UTF-8 string. Writes at most 4 bytes to s.
// NOTE: It is YOUR JOB to null-terminate your string if the UTF-32 isn't null-terminated!
// Returns the number of bytes written to s, or (size_t)-1 on invalid UTF-32.
static size_t unicode_utf32_to_utf8(char *s, uint32_t c32) {
uint8_t *p = (uint8_t *)s;
if (c32 <= 0x7F) {
// ASCII
*p = (uint8_t)c32;
return 1;
} else if (c32 <= 0x7FF) {
// two bytes needed
*p++ = (uint8_t)(0xC0 | (c32 >> 6));
*p = (uint8_t)(0x80 | (c32 & 0x3F));
return 2;
} else if (c32 <= 0x7FFF) {
if (c32 < 0xD800 || c32 > 0xDFFF) {
*p++ = (uint8_t)(0xE0 | ( c32 >> 12));
*p++ = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ((c32 >> 6) & 0x3F));
*p = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ( c32 & 0x3F));
return 3;
} else {
// UTF-16 surrogate halves
*p = 0;
return (size_t)-1;
}
} else if (c32 <= 0x10FFFF) {
*p++ = (uint8_t)(0xF0 | ( c32 >> 18));
*p++ = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ((c32 >> 12) & 0x3F));
*p++ = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ((c32 >> 6) & 0x3F));
*p = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ( c32 & 0x3F));
return 4;
} else {
// code point too big
*p = 0;
return (size_t)-1;
}
}
// get the number of UTF-16 codepoints needed to encode `str`.
// returns (size_t)-1 on bad UTF-8
static size_t unicode_utf16_len(const char *str) {
size_t len = 0;
uint32_t c = 0;
while (*str) {
size_t n = unicode_utf8_to_utf32(&c, str, 4);
if (n >= (size_t)-2)
return (size_t)-1;
if (c >= 0x10000)
len += 2;
else
len += 1;
str += n;
}
return len;
}
// returns the UTF-8 offset from `str` which corresponds to a UTF-16 offset of utf16_offset (rounds down if utf16_offset is in the middle of a codepoint).
// returns strlen(str) if utf16_offset == unicode_utf16_len(str)
// returns (size_t)-1 on bad UTF-8, or if utf16_offset > unicode_utf16_len(str)
static size_t unicode_utf16_to_utf8_offset(const char *str, size_t utf16_offset) {
size_t offset = 0;
uint32_t c = 0;
while (*str) {
size_t n = unicode_utf8_to_utf32(&c, str, 4);
if (n >= (size_t)-2)
return (size_t)-1;
size_t u = c >= 0x10000 ? 2 : 1;
if (utf16_offset < u)
return offset;
utf16_offset -= u;
offset += n;
str += n;
}
if (utf16_offset == 0)
return offset;
return SIZE_MAX;
}
#endif // UNICODE_H_
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